Paradoxosomatinae: Sulciferini. Oxidus gracilis (Koch, 1847); note blunt, non extended paranota. Asian introduction into North America, abundant in US & Canadian cities; often undergoes population explosions.

Paradoxosomatinae: Tectoporini. Helicorthomorpha holstii (Pocock, 1895), caudal end. North America, USA, Florida, Orange Co. An Asian species introduced into a plant nursery in Florida. Photo by G. B. Edwards.

Paradoxosomatinae: Tectoporini. Helicorthomorpha holstii (Pocock, 1895), anterior end. North America, USA, Florida, Orange Co. An Asian species introduced into a plant nursery in Florida. Photo by G. B. Edwards.

Australiosomatinae: Australiosomatini. Somethus sp. Australia, Tasmania. Reproduced from Tasmanian multipedes site (http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/multipedes/mulintro.html) with permission of R. Mesibov.

Paradoxosomatinae: Hylomini. Desmoxytes purpureus, the Shocking Pink Dragon Milliped. Asia, Thailand.

Australiosomatinae: Australiosomatini. Akamptogonus novarae (Humbert & Saussure, 1869). Oceania, New Zealand, Chatham Islands, Chatham I. Specimen courtesy of H. Heatwole; photo by A. E. Bogan.

Paradoxosomatinae: Nedyopodini. Nedyopus sp. Asia, Japan, Ryu Kyu Islands, Iheya-jima. Photo courtesy of Z. Korsós, from albums on Facebook Photo page (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1776455888#!/photos.php?id=1667514442).

Paradoxosomatinae:Catharosomatini. South America, Peru, Cusco Dept., Aguas Calientes. Photo courtesy of P. Wittman.

Paradoxosomatinae: Sulciferini. Oxidus gracilis (C.L. Koch, 1847); note blunt midbody paranota. North America (introduced), USA, North Carolina, Wake Co.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini.Midbody segments of Asiomorpha coarctata (Saus-sure, 1860). Note sharply pointed, acuminate para-nota. North America, Mexico, Jalisco. Photo courtesy of F. Cupul.

Paradoxosomatinae: Tectoporini.Helicorthomorpha holstii (Pocock, 1895). close-up of right gonopod. North America, USA, Florida, Orange Co. An Asian species introduced into a plant nursery in Florida. Photo by G. B. Edwards.

Australiosomatinae: Antichiropodini. Pogonosternum sp. Australia, Tasmania. Reproduced from Tasmanian multipedes site with permission of R. Mesibov.

Australiosomatinae: Australiosomatini. Akamptogonus novarae  Oceania, NZ, Chatham I. Specimen courtesy of H. Heatwole; photo by A. E. Bogan.

Paradoxosomatinae:Catharosomatini. South America, Peru, Cusco Dept., Aguas Calientes. Photo courtesy of P. Wittman.

Paradoxosomatinae:Catharosomatini. South America, Peru. Photo courtesy of P. Wittman.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini. Gigantomorpha sp. Asia, Eastern Malaysia, Sabah. Photo by N. Messina.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini. Asiomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860). Asian species introduced from Florida southward. Photo courtesy of F. Cupul.

Paradoxosomatinae: Hylomini. Desmoxytes sp. Asia, China. Note sharp segmental spines.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini. Asiomorpha coarctata (Saussure); note sharply pointed, acute, midbody paranota. Lesser Antilles, St. Barthelemy. Photo courtesy of K. Questal.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini. Asiomorpha coarctata (Saussure); note sharply pointed, acute, midbody paranota. Lesser Antilles, St. Barthelemy. Photo courtesy of K. Questal.

Australiosomatinae: Antichiropodini. Pogonosternum sp. Australia, Tasmania. Reproduced from Tasmanian multipedes site (http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/multipedes/mulintro.html) with permission of R. Mesibov.

Australiosomatinae: Antichiropodini. Uncertain systematic position. Notodesmus scotius Chamberlin, 1920. Australia, Tasmania. Reproduced from Tasmanian multipedes site (http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/multipedes/mulintro.html) with permission of R. Mesibov.

Paradoxosomatinae: Tectoporini. Helicorthomorpha holstii (Pocock, 1895). Oceania, USA, Hawaiian Is., Oahu, Honolulu; introduced. Photo courtesy of F.G. Howarth. Bishop Mus. Occas. Paps., 108:45, 2010.

Paradoxosomatinae: Hylomini. Chamberlinius hualiensis. Asia, Japan, Ryu Kyu Islands, Iheya-jima. Introduced and invasive on the island. Photo courtesy of Z. Korsós, from albums on Facebook Photo page (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1776455888#!/photos.php?id=1667514442).

Paradoxosomatinae: Catharosomatini. ?Mestosoma sp. South America, Peru. Photo courtesy of P. Wittman (http://stock.photoshelter.com/gallery-collection/Philip-Witman/P0000eX_pW_aVVGU).

Paradoxosomatinae: Xanthodesmini. Habrodesmus sp. Africa, Ghana. Photo courtesy of N. Messina.

Paradoxosomatinae: Xanthodesmini. Habrodesmus sp. Africa, Ghana. Photo courtesy of N. Messina.

Paradoxosomatinae: Sulciferini. Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898). Introduced. Lesser Antilles, St. Vincent & the Grenadines. Photo courtesy of M. de Silva.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini. Asiomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860) mating pair. Introduced. Jamaica. Photo courtesy of M. van de Merwe.

Paradoxosomatinae: Paradoxosomatini. Strongylosoma stigmatosum mating pair. Europe. Hungary. Photo courtesy of Z. Korsos.

Paradoxosomatinae: Orthomorphini. Orthomorpha sp. Asia, Vietnam, Cat Tien National Park. Photo courtesy of Nguyen Duc Anh.

Paradoxosomatinae: Hylomini. Desmoxytes draco (Cook & Loomis, 1924) Asia, China, Jiangxi Prov., Guling, S of Jiujiang. Photo by H.F. Loomis.

Australiosomatinae: Antichiropodini. Dicranogonus sp. Australia, Tasmania. Reproduced from Tasmanian multipedes site (http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/multipedes/mulintro.html) with permission of R. Mesibov.

Australiosomatinae: Antichiropodini. Aethalosoma solum Jeekel, 2006. Australia, Tasmania. Reproduced from Tasmanian multipedes site (http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/multipedes/mulintro.html) with permission of R. Mesibov.

Paradoxosomatinae:Catharosomatini. South America, Peru, Cusco Dept., Aguas Calientes. Photo courtesy of P. Wittman.

Paradoxosomatinae: Sundanini. ?Opisthodolichopus sp. Asia, Eastern Malaysia, Sabah. Photo courtesy of N. Messina.

Paradoxosomatinae: ?Tectoporini. ?Tectoporus sp. Asia, Eastern Malaysia, Sabah. Photo courtesy of N. Messina.